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Florida · state appellate court · 2026

Elilton Alves Gouveia v. Meridian Financial Investments, LLC

District Court of Appeal of Florida, 25 March 2026. What the court wrote about citations that did not exist, in its own words, from the document on file.

Case record · Fla. Dist. Ct. App.

  1. Court. District Court of Appeal of FloridaCOURT
  2. Level. state appellate courtLEVEL
  3. Date. 25 March 2026DATED
  4. Docket. No. 4D2025-0843DOCKET
  5. Documents. one document, 2 passages quoted belowON FILE
  6. Source. CourtListenerSOURCE

Retrieved · the text below was read from the source documents on that day.

What the court wrote

The passages in which the court addresses the fabricated authority, verbatim, by document. A bracketed ellipsis marks where a passage was cut for length; nothing else is changed.

Published opinion, 25 March 2026 · source · PDF · 6 pages

3d 652, 655-56 (Fla. 4th DCA 2025) (citation modified).2 The defendant’s briefs were replete with case citations that either do not exist or fail to support the defendant’s arguments. Here, for example, the defendant cites non-existent cases such as Dausch v.

I write separately to highlight the need for prophylactic, rather than remedial, solutions to the problem of improper use by pro se litigants of AI chatbots. That is not to minimize the well-recognized problems of improper use of AI by attorneys, particularly where AI generates hallucinated or fake authority that the attorney submits to the court without verification. But courts have been properly and adequately responding to this problem by using existing rules and tools to sanction attorneys who engage in this improper conduct.

What the text mentions

Pattern matches on the documents' text. Each line is a fact that the text contains the words, not a finding about the case.

Where this fits

This page is a record, not legal advice. It quotes the documents on file and lists what their text mentions. Read the decision at the source before relying on it, and check whether a later order changed it.

More from District Court of Appeal of Florida, from Florida, or from 2026. The whole record is at court decisions on AI-hallucinated citations.

Every case in this record shares one cause: a citation reached a court without anyone opening it. What a citation gate is explains the mechanism that makes that impossible by construction; how to check an AI citation in five minutes is the manual version; the sanctions record is the essay this table grew out of.

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